Concept redesign · not the live site · Aug 2026

Thirty instruments.
Thirty-seven years.

Pipe organs of mechanical action, built one at a time in Ooltewah, Tennessee.

Action
Mechanical (tracker)
Principals
Ralph Richards · Bruce Fowkes
Instruments
Thirty, Opus 1 – Opus 32
Above — Opus 18, St George’s, Hanover Square, London 8 of 19 stops drawn
IThe action16′

The key is joined to the valve by a strip of wood.

Every organ that leaves this shop has mechanical action: a tracker runs from the key, through rollers and squares, to the pallet under the pipe. Nothing electric stands between the finger and the wind. The player feels the valve open.

Scale, voicing and stoplist are settled instrument by instrument — “which answer directly to the logistical needs of the institution or the liturgical needs of the congregation,” as the builders put it. So is the case: its height, its finish, its decoration.

Pitch
a′ = 440 Hz — Opus 26
Temperament
Quarter-comma meantone with three subsemitones — Opus 26
Wind pressure
87 mm — Opus 15, University of Tennessee
Casework
White oak · waxed douglas fir · polychrome and water gilt · faux bois
Largest
Opus 24 — three manuals and pedal, 58 stops, Christ Church Cathedral, Cincinnati
IITemperament8′

D♯ and E♭ are not the same note.

In quarter-comma meantone the thirds are pure and the sharps and flats part company. Opus 26, in the All Saints’ Chapel at Trinity Church, Wall Street, keeps both: three subsemitones — D♯/E♭, G♯/A♭ and A♯/B♭ — each chosen by its own mechanical lever.

Throw a lever

Sharps selected — D♯ · G♯ · A♯

Three levers, three choices. An organist tuned to equal temperament never has to make them; on this instrument the decision is mechanical, and it is made before the first chord.

IIIOpus list4′

Every instrument, in the order it was built.

  • 01GreenwichCT
  • 02Mercer UniversityGA
  • 03Mercer UniversityGA
  • 04CollegedaleTN
  • 05StamfordCT
  • 06ChattanoogaTN
  • 07Westminster Presbyterian, KnoxvilleTN
  • 08Rocky MountNC
  • 09AtlantaGA
  • 10First Lutheran, BostonMA
  • 11EssexCT
  • 12Christ Church, New BrunswickNJ
  • 13The First Church of DeerfieldMA
  • 14Pinnacle Presbyterian, ScottsdaleAZ
  • 15University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleTN
  • 16Duke University, DurhamNC
  • 17DallasTX
  • 18St George’s, Hanover Square, LondonUK
  • 19ClevelandOH
  • 20House organ
  • 21Somers Congregational UCCCT
  • 22Village Presbyterian, Prairie VillageKS
  • 23Calvary Church, StoningtonCT
  • 24Christ Church Cathedral, CincinnatiOH
  • 25St Andrew’s Episcopal, Ann ArborMI
  • 26Trinity Church, All Saints’ Chapel, New YorkNY
  • 27For sale
  • 28IndianapolisIN
  • 29DurhamNC
  • 30Brown UniversityRI
  • 31BellinghamWA
  • 32MinneapolisMN
IVCasework2′

The case answers the room, not the catalogue.

Opus 10 in the gallery of First Lutheran Church, Boston: a white oak organ case with a Rückpositive below the main case.
10First Lutheran, Boston. A slightly austere North German case of white oak, in a 1957 building by Pietro Belluschi. Seven independent reed stops.
Opus 14 at Pinnacle Presbyterian, Scottsdale: a linear organ case of waxed douglas fir with Hopi-derived ornament.
14Pinnacle Presbyterian, Scottsdale. A rectilinear case of waxed douglas fir, carrying elements of native Hopi art, in a sanctuary carved into the desert floor.
Opus 12 at Christ Church, New Brunswick: a small Dutch-style case, polychromed and water-gilt.
12Christ Church, New Brunswick. Two manuals and a swell box inside a sixteen-foot Dutch case, polychromed and water gilt.
Opus 17 in Dallas: an organ case finished in faux bois, painted wood grain.
17Dallas. Faux bois — painted wood grain — which lets the shop control colour and balance in a room the timber cannot.
Opus 13 in the balcony of The First Church of Deerfield, a 1824 New England meeting house.
13The First Church of Deerfield. A Thuringian village organ after Hildebrandt and Trost: a six-foot façade inside a fourteen-foot case.
VOpus 181′

The first American-built organ in a London church.

St George’s, Hanover Square — one of the churches raised under the New Churches in London and Westminster Act 1710, and Handel’s parish church — took Opus 18 from a shop in Hamilton County, Tennessee.

Opus
18
Church
St George’s, Hanover Square, London
Position
Gallery, above the west door
On record
“Recital in Handel’s Church”
The gallery organ of St George’s, Hanover Square, London, seen from the nave: gilded façade pipes above a dark wooden case.
VIThe shop½′

7821 Old Lee Highway.

Address

Richards, Fowkes & Co.
7821 Old Lee Highway
Ooltewah, Tennessee 37363

Telephone

423 899 8442

Office

office@rfc.us

Builders

Ralph Richards
Bruce Fowkes